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The basics
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Or, "what is a web server, anyway"? It's a computer connected to the Internet, just like any other. There's nothing inherently special about a web server; people can and do use bog standard PCs on a home ADSL line.
What web servers have in common is that they are running a piece of software that fetches or generates web pages as required and sends them off to whoever asked for it.
Of course, you also get "servers" - computers that are bigger, faster, more reliable and have more engines, and compare to your PC the same as a 747 does to a Learjet.
Bearing that in mind, you'll see that there's four essentials:
And four things that help to keep the four essentials working:
A common mistake is to over estimate how much power is required. Unless you have a site that uses a database and / or scripting language intensively, you don't need a terribly fast machine to serve up pages as fast as your connection can take them away.
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